50% launch offer on every online course +91 84474 31421neeraj.gffi@gmail.comWhatsApp +91 99100 47204BlogStudent login

Biomechanics of Lower Back and it’s pain | GFFI Fitness

Written by Dr. Neeraj Mehta, PhD · · 9 min read

Written by GFFI Team

The Spine’s Sections Are Defined by Their Vertebrae.

It is common to split spinal anatomy into four primary divisions, each with a different number of vertebrae (the spherical bones that form the backbone’s structure). Vertebrae, or vertebral bodies, are also referred to as vertebrates.

The cervical spine (neck) consists of seven cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7), with C1 at the top of the spine and C7 at the bottom of the spine. If you have a neck condition, you may have neck discomfort, as well as pain that extends down your arms to your hands and fingers.

There are 12 thoracic vertebrae (known as T1 to T12) in the thoracic spine, which are linked to the ribs and the sternum and form the upper back (breast bone). The ribs and sternum provide excellent support for this portion of the spine, making it relatively stable and less prone to injury while moving.

There are five vertebrae in the lumbar spine (L1 to L5), all of which may move and bend quite a little. Because this part of the spine carries the greatest weight and allows for the most mobility (which strains the anatomical components), this is the area that is most often connected with back pain. Leg and foot discomfort might be caused by issues with the low back.

Sacrum (bottom of the spine) is a triangular-shaped bone that acts as the spine’s base and forms a portion of the pelvis.

L5-S1 is an area of the lumbar spine that is particularly vulnerable to degeneration and back pain. Four tiny bones that protrude from the sacrum form the coccyx, or tailbone (the tailbone at the very bottom of the spine).

Spinal biomechanics in the lower back’s spinal motion segment

The lumbar spine and sacral spine meet at the L5-S1 spinal motion segment, which is also known as the lumbosacral joint. Here, the spine’s curvature shifts from forward-curving to backward-curving (backward curve). Legs and pelvis are supported by L5-S1’s ability to transmit stresses from the spine.

Because of its unique architecture and greater mechanical stress and stresses than the preceding segments, the L5-S1 motion segment is more often injured.  Traumatic injuries, degeneration, disc herniation, and/or nerve discomfort may occur because of these traits.

The L5-S1 Joint Frequently Facing Issues

L5-S1 is often susceptible to excessive biomechanical stress, resulting in additional stresses and an increased risk of injury.. There are a number of common issues, including

Discs Problem: There are issues with the discs. L5-S1 is a common location for disc herniation in the lower back. This disc has a steeper slope, which increases the risk of damage and degeneration due to increased shear forces.

Facet Joint issue: Pain in the facet joints. Wear-and-tear arthritis (osteoarthritis) may develop in the lumbosacral joint owing to its high load-bearing capacity. Inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or degenerative spondylolisthesis, may also cause facet joint discomfort.

Spondylolysis. Repetitive stress may cause spondylolysis, which is the fracture of pars interarticularis (a tiny bone fragment that connects the facet joints of the vertebral arch) in the L5 vertebra. It may happen on either side of the aisle. Pars stress response is a situation where the bone does not shatter but is strained, and this is referred to as a pars stress reaction.

Spondylolisthesis. Spondylolisthesis occurs when the L5 pars fracture on both sides, causing the vertebra to slide across S1. Spondylolisthesis of L5 is most typically induced by repeated stress on the pars interarticularis and is most frequently observed in children and teenagers.. A fracture of the pars femoris owing to trauma is very rare.

Pain in the Sciatic Nerve and the SI Joint: The Root Causes

It might be difficult to identify the specific source of a patient’s discomfort. Back pain may be caused by nerve compression in the spine, as well as SI joint dysfunction.

Problems with the spine that may lead to sciatica

1. A disc bulge, rupture, or herniation.
2. Spinal stenosis, which is the narrowing of the central canal of the spine,
3. This is a condition in which the holes where nerves escape from your spine get narrowed.
4. When one of the vertebrae in the lower back slides forward, it is known as spondylolisthesis (or segmental instability).
5. A condition in which the cartilage between the facet joints at the back of the spine wears away, leading to facet arthropathy.
6. A wound or infection
7.Diseases caused by malnutrition and genetics (less common)

Potential Causes of SI Joint Dysfunction

1. Injuries to the SI joint that result from a fall, automobile accident, or childbirth are all examples of SI joint trauma.
2. Degenerative SI joint 

It is possible for both scenarios to be either acute (lasting less than a month) or chronic (lasting more than a month) (lasting a very long time).

It might take years for people with SI joint dysfunction to be diagnosed and treated for their pain, which can be debilitating.

When discomfort persists for more than a few weeks or has an effect on your everyday activities, you should consult a doctor at once.

Distinctive Therapies

Alternative and complementary medicine are terms used to describe non-medical therapies. “Alternative” doesn’t always suggest inferiority, but rather a departure from what is considered “conventional” in western medicine.

Alternate therapies for low back pain have been shown to help many people. Among the most common choices are:

Manual manipulation. Physical adjustments to the spine are made by a chiropractor or other healthcare practitioner in order to improve mobility and reduce stiffness, discomfort, or pain. It is done by using hand thrusts of variable speed and power. Some people’s low back discomfort has been relieved by manual manipulation.

Acupuncture. Acupuncture is based on traditional Chinese medicine and uses sites on the body that are supposed to rectify the body’s “qi,” or life energy. Proper qi is said to alleviate pain and suffering in the body, according to Chinese medicine. For nearly an hour, tiny needles are inserted into the skin. It’s been established that acupuncture may significantly reduce pain in certain patients.
Therapeutic massage. Massage treatment for the low back helps ease the muscular spasms that cause low back discomfort. Low-back pain may be alleviated by increasing blood flow, which brings nutrients and oxygen to the area to aid recovery.

Mindful meditation: Meditation in a calm and collected manner. Meditation may help alleviate the symptoms of chronic pain, such as sadness, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Meditative treatments for pain relief encompass anything from deep breathing exercises to shifting one’s concentration away from the discomfort.

Links of Some of the research on disc degeneration related to back pain

Written by

Dr. Neeraj Mehta, PhD

Clinical Biomechanics Scientist · Founder of GFFI Fitness Academy · Principal Investigator, MMSx Authority

Online course queries

Write to Dr. Neeraj Mehta, PhD directly

For every online course question, message Dr. Neeraj Mehta on WhatsApp or by email. WhatsApp is for messages only — please do not call this number.

To speak to someone, call the campus office: +91 84474 31421

Turn reading into a qualification

Every GFFI course is available online in four languages, with a verifiable certificate.

See every course

Back to all articles

Keep reading

· 2 min read

Biomechanics of Overhead Single-Arm Farmer Carry

The overhead single-arm farmer carry is commonly treated as a shoulder or core exercise. This view is limited.

Read article →

· 5 min read

Why ‘Knees Out’ Is Silently Destroying 87% of Lifters’ Knees (And the 5-Line Fix That Adds 9 cm Depth Instantly)

Fifteen years ago, the fitness industry declared war on “Dynamic Knee Valgus” (knees caving in). The mission was noble: protect the ACL. The weapon of choice was a simple cue: “Push your knees out.”

Read article →
Direct messageDr. Neeraj Mehta